Install Magento on a Hetzner Managed Server

This tutorial explains how to install the free e-commerce management system Magento2. Magento provides online merchants with a flexible shopping cart system, as well as control over the look, content and functionality of their online store. It offers users powerful marketing, search engine optimization, and catalog-management tools.

Important note: This tutorial is designed for an installation on a Managed Server. Since OpenSearch is required as the search engine in order to be able to install and use Magento, the full functionality is not available for web hosting products.

Prerequisites

Required before installation:

• Composer
• Process release for Java.
• SSH connection to your managed server

Example terminology

• Username: magenh
• Database name: magento2
• Database user: magentuser
• Hostname / database host: <dediXXX.your-server.de>
• Domain: <example.com>
• Subdomain: <magento.example.com>

Install OpenSearch

You should request the process release "java" in advance via a support request.

You need to first install, configure and start OpenSearch before installing Magento.

Step 1 - Download

1. Download OpenSearch

   cd ~
   curl -o opensearch.tar.gz https://artifacts.opensearch.org/releases/bundle/opensearch/2.12.0/opensearch-2.12.0-linux-x64.tar.gz

2. Extract the downloaded files

   mkdir opensearch
   tar xzf opensearch.tar.gz -C opensearch --strip-components 1

Step 2 - Configuration

Add the following lines to the end of the configuration under ~/opensearch/config/opensearch.yml:

network.host: 127.0.0.1
plugins.security.disabled: true
discovery.type: 'single-node'

Step 3 - Start OpenSearch

1. Start OpenSearch with the following command

   nohup ~/opensearch/bin/opensearch &

2. Use the following command to check whether OpenSearch is running correctly

   curl http://localhost:9200/

   The command should display the following output:

   {
   "name" : "dediXXX.your-server.de",
   "cluster_name" : "opensearch",
   "cluster_uuid" : "fDyOCQuIRSGpWoD7adY0Qw",
   "version" : {
      "distribution" : "opensearch",
      "number" : "2.12.0",
      "build_type" : "tar",
      "build_hash" : "2c355ce1a427e4a528778d4054436b5c4b756221",
      "build_date" : "2024-02-20T02:18:49.874618333Z",
      "build_snapshot" : false,
      "lucene_version" : "9.9.2",
      "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.10.0",
      "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0"
   },
   "tagline" : "The OpenSearch Project: https://opensearch.org/"
   }

Step 4 - Setup a @reboot Cronjob

1. To start OpenSearch automatically after a server restart, you need to create the following cronjob

   @reboot ~/opensearch/bin/opensearch

Install Magento2

Step 1 - Account and webserver configuration

Create an account and an installation directory, which will also be the document_root of your website.

1. Log onto your account and navigate to konsoleH.
2. Select an existing account or create a new one.
3. Create a new directory in your public_html directory. Later, you will install Magento in this directory:

   magenh@dediXXX:~/public_html$ mkdir ./magento

4. Set the newly created directory as document_root of your site ("Services" » "Server Configuration").

Step 1.1 - PHP configuration

Set the PHP version to 8.2 or 8.3 (no warranty) and set the following values ("Services" » "PHP Configuration"):

• allow_url_fopen = On
• memory_limit = 512M
• upload_max_filesize = 128M
• max_execution_time = 3600

Step 2 - Database setup

Create the database for your Magento2 ecommerce:

1. On konsoleH, navigate to "Services" » "Databases" » "MariaDB/MySQL".
2. Select "Add" and assign a name to the database and the user.

Step 3 - Download Magento

Now that the prerequisites are installed, you can install Magento:

composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition <YOUR-INSTALLATION-DIR>

Replace <YOUR-INSTALLATION-DIR> with your magento directory, or just a . if you are executing the command directly within the magento directory.

1. Log into Adobe Marketplace.
2. Click on your profile name in the top right and select "My Profile"
3. Click on "Access Keys" on the register "Marketplace"
4. Select "Create A New Access Key". Give it a name and click "OK"
5. Log onto Adobe Marketplace.
6. Click on your profile name in the top right and select "My Profile".
7. Click on "Access Keys" on the register "Marketplace".
8. Select "Create A New Access Key". Give it a name and click "OK".
9. In order to authenticate yourself use: Username = <public_key> and Password = <private_key>.

Step 4 - Install Magento

Run the following commands in the magento directory.

1. In order to use Magento with MariaDB 10.11, you need to execute the following command in the installation directory

   sed -i '/MariaDB-(10./a\\t\t<item name="MariaDB-10.11" xsi:type="string">^10\\.11\\.</item>' app/etc/di.xml

2. Run the installation command with customized options

php bin/magento setup:install \
--base-url='http://magento.example.com/' \
--db-host='dedixxx.your-server.de' \
--db-name='magento2' \
--db-user='magentuser' \
--db-password='<secret-password>' \
--admin-firstname='FNAME' \
--admin-lastname='LNAME' \
--admin-email='mail@example.com' \
--admin-user='admin' \
--admin-password='<secure-password>' \
--language=en_US \
--currency=USD \
--timezone=America/Chicago \
--use-rewrites=1 \
--search-engine=opensearch \
--opensearch-host=localhost \
--opensearch-port=9200 \
--opensearch-index-prefix=magento2 \
--opensearch-timeout=15 \
--disable-modules=Magento_TwoFactorAuth,Magento_AdminAdobeImsTwoFactorAuth

Replace the example values with your own data. You should also replace the value of '--admin-password' with a more secure password.

--disable-modules=Magento_TwoFactorAuth,Magento_AdminAdobeImsTwoFactorAuth is used to disable 2FA when logging into the admin panel. You can re-enabled it later.

You can find the configuration of the installation in <installation_dir>/app/etc/env.php:

<?php
return [
    'backend' => [
        'frontName' => 'admin_d43s'
    ],
...

Change the frontName value to any directory on your website where the admin panel is accessible: http://magento.example.com/admin

Further steps

If everything works as expected, you can now get started with Magento! Check if your website is available:

• Frontend: http://magento.example.com/
• Backend: http://magento.example.com/admin

  Username: admin
  Password: <secure-password>

This is how the admin page should look:

If you see a system message like "invalid indexers":

Execute this command:

php bin/magento indexer:reindex

Successfully installing Magento for your e-commerce venture can pave the way for a robust online store.

Remember to keep your installation maintained and up-to-date in order to prevent security gaps.

License: MIT